Ethernet Standards
Network Standard IEEE Cable Speed Distance
Ethernet 10BASE5, 2 802.3 Coaxial 10 Mbps 500 m/185 m
10BASE-T 802.3i CAT3 10 Mbps 100 m
10BASE-F, -FB, FL, FP 802.3 Fiber 10 Mbps 2000 m/500 m
Fast Ethernet 100BASE-TX, T4 802.3u CAT5 100 Mbps 100 m
100BASE-FX 802.3u MM Fiber 100 Mbps 400 m half-duplex,
2 km full-duplex
Gigabit Ethernet 1000BASE-T 802.3ab CAT5e/CAT6 1000 Mbps 100 m
1000BASE-LX 802.3z MM, SM Fiber 1000 Mbps 550 m/5000 m
1000BASE-SX 802.3z MM Fiber 1000 Mbps 550 m
10-Gigabit Ethernet 10GBASE-SR, -LR, LX
-ER, -SW, -LW, -EW 802.3ae MM, SM Fiber 10 Gbps 65 m to 40 km
10GBASE-CX4 802.3ak 100-Ω Twinax 4 x 2.5 Gbps 15 m
10GBASE-T 802.3an UTP 10 Gbps 100 m
Most likely, the network you use now and in the future will be
some form of Ethernet. It’s the most common network type, and it’s
the de facto standard in networking.
The original Ethernet networks (10BASE5 and 10BASE2) ran over
coaxial cable. An upgrade, 10BASE-T, the first vendor-independent
implementation of Ethernet, operated over unshielded twisted-pair
cable at a then speedy 10 Mbps. As technology progressed, so did
Ethernet—it went to 100BASE-TX, which runs at 100 Mbps and
specifies a minimum of CAT5 cable, although CAT5e is more common.
4
Black Box Guide to Structured Cabling
Section NameSection Name
Networking
Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gbps) was developed to handle backbone
and server traffic, and is now also deployed to the desktop. When
Gigabit Ethernet first appeared, fiber was crucial to running it
effectively. Later the IEEE 802.3ab standard approved Gigabit
Ethernet over Category 5 cable, although CAT5e or higher is the
norm. Today, it is one of the most commonly installed networks.
10-Gigabit Ethernet (10-GbE) brings the familiarity and cost-
effectiveness of Ethernet to high-performance networks with
a speed ten times that of Gigabit Ethernet and a frequency of
500 MHz. It supports high-bandwidth applications, such as imaging
and storage. 10-Gigabit Ethernet enables the construction of MANs
and WANs that connect geographically dispersed LANs. Today, the
most common application for 10-Gigabit Ethernet is as a backbone
connecting high-speed LANs, server farms, and campuses.
10-GbE over fiber was ratified in 2002. An IEEE amendment in
2006, 802.3an, approved 10-GbE over twisted pair. The TIA/EIA-568-
B.2.10 draft specifies transmission performance for Augmented
Category 6 cable. The TSB-155 addresses existing Category 6 cabling
for 10-GbE. It’s emerging as the standard to wire for now. For more
information on 10-GbE, see page 11.
Think fast.
When planning a network, think fast. Network technologies
considered cutting edge only a few years ago are now becoming
viable options for network upgrades. The shift is to Gigabit
Ethernet, 10-GbE, SANs (storage area networks), and even 40+Gbps
connections for enterprise and data center backbones.
Other networks.
Other networks exist, but
they’re uncommon. Before
the establishment of open-
architecture, standards-based
networks like Ethernet,
proprietary networks, such
as IBM
®
Token Ring, were
the norm.
Network applications (or the evolution of Ethernet)
TECH TIP
A short history of Ethernet —
Since 1985, when 10-Mbps
Ethernet was first standardized, demand for bandwidth and speed
has grown steadily alongside increasingly high-performance
applications—thus the standardization of 100-Mbps Fast Ethernet
in 1995; Gigabit Ethernet in 1998, and in the ratification of
10-Gigabit Ethernet in June 2002. Each step forward represents
a tenfold increase in performance.
10-Gigabit Ethernet is a logical extension
of previous Ethernet networks, which are the
predominant technology for high-performance
LANs.
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